先驱转录因子PU.1在急性髓系白血病（AML）关键增强子的形成中起早期核心作用，与SWI/SNF协同推动MYC等关键致癌基因的表达。通过抑制SWI/SNF或干扰PU.1与DNA的结合，可有效破坏AML中的增强子结构，导致肿瘤细胞分化与增殖抑制。靶向PU.1-SWI/SNF调控轴为肿瘤精准治疗提供了新的方向。结合CUT&Tag与点击化学（Click Chemistry）开发的“CLICK-on-CUT&Tag”技术为精准识别PU.1功能靶点并诱导转录因子重新分布提供了有力工具。
Why does the same gene cause a phenotypic change when knocked down but not when knocked out? The disconnection between genotype and expected phenotype in such cases may be attributed to the activation of the Genetic Compensation Response (GCR). When a gene is mutated or knocked out, GCR is triggered, compensating for the lost function by upregulating homologous or functionally similar genes. This response is particularly pronounced when the mRNA contains a premature termination codon (PTC). GCR is not only a protective mechanism ensuring genetic robustness, but it may also play a significant role in influencing cancer progression. Understanding the mechanisms behind GCR is crucial for advancing our knowledge of tumor progression and for identifying new therapeutic targets.
Proximity Labeling (PL) technology utilizes specific enzymes to covalently link labels (such as biotin) to proteins near the target protein, enabling the labeling and subsequent analysis of adjacent proteins. This labeling can be detected by mass spectrometry, revealing interactions between proteins. The advent of this technique has not only provided new tools and perspectives for studying protein-protein interactions but has also greatly advanced our understanding of critical biological processes such as cellular signaling and metabolic regulation.
The U6 promoter originates from the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) system and is used to drive the expression of non-coding RNAs. Its most common applications include driving the expression of small RNA molecules such as short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and small guide RNA (sgRNA). If you need to express short RNA molecules like shRNA or sgRNA for RNA interference (RNAi) or CRISPR gene editing, the U6 promoter is the best choice. For efficiently and stably expressing exogenous proteins in a variety of cell lines, the EF1α promoter is a powerful and durable option, especially suited for long-term expression in lentiviral vector systems. The Ubc promoter is ideal for applications requiring stable gene expression with moderate strength, particularly in experiments where immunogenicity is a concern, such as with stem cells or primary cells.